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Is there a cashless payment? Cashless circulation and settlements


Non-cash transfers are a type of payment that is made without the use of real paper notes, i.e. The transfer takes place via the Internet or mobile devices. In most cases, this method turns out to be much more convenient than cash transfer, besides, a much lower commission is charged for it.

It is most convenient to apply for such a service to that bank , where you are a payroll client or simply have a current account with a debit card linked to it. Absolutely all banking organizations provide their customers with the opportunity to make transfers from account to account, as well as from card to card.

Transfer through Sberbank

Consider the example of Sberbank of Russia: people who have an account here can immediately use 4 ways to send money, read their description below.

  1. Through bank branches - they are in every locality, so the process of sending and receiving money will be as convenient as possible. There are no restrictions and limits on the amount, the maximum transfer time is up to 2 business days. It can be carried out in Russian or foreign currency (US dollars, euros), the commission will be 1.5% of the amount (from 30 to 1000 rubles) or 0.7% (up to 100 US dollars), respectively. You can replenish any account or card of the MasterCard system, for more details -;
  2. Through ATMs and terminals - you can replenish your account only with Sberbank cards. The commission will be 1% of the transfer amount, details - ;
  3. Through the Sberbank Online system - here you can transfer money to an account of any bank. The commission will also be 1% of the amount, maximum - 1000 rubles or 0.5%, maximum 50 US dollars, if the transfer is made in a foreign currency. More information in this article;
  4. Through SMS using the "Mobile Bank" service - you can transfer money to any Sberbank card, the commission will be 1% of the amount (maximum - 1000 rubles).

Online banking

Almost all banking companies working with individuals and legal entities have such a service. All you need is to contact the bank where you opened an account or card and find out how you can become a user of this service.

As a rule, you need to go through a simple registration at the branch itself or on the official website of the bank in order to get a username and password. They serve to access your Personal Account.

Having received the necessary data, you need to:

  • Visit the official website of the company where you were issued the card,
  • Find the online banking icon, click on it and go through authorization,
  • Once in your Personal Account, find the "Payments" section,
  • Next, look for the tab “Transfer to another individual” or “Transfer to a client of another bank”,
  • Specify the details of the recipient's account or card, the required amount and the account to be debited,
  • Confirm the transaction and, just in case, keep the receipt.

Please note that if the transfer is carried out between clients of the same company, no commission is charged. But if you are clients of different banks, then an additional fee will be charged from you (usually within 100 rubles).

If you are transferring from a Sberbank card to another person's Sberbank card, then here you need to remember that the region where the account is opened is important. If they were both issued in the same region, there will be no commission, and if in different regions, then the sender pays an additional fee.

Third Party Online Services

You can use the card-to-card transfer service of any banking organization provided by the Yandex.Money system. For this you:

  • log in to the Yandex system,
  • select the “Transfer from card to card” tab or simply follow the link money.yandex.ru/transfer,
  • indicate that the transfer must be made from a bank card, enter your details,
  • then enter the required details of the recipient,
  • Enter the desired amount and make the transfer. In this case, a commission is charged in the amount of 1.95% of the amount, but not less than 30 rubles.

A similar non-cash transfer can be made in the Qiwi and WebMoney systems, however, here the transfer will occur from your electronic wallet account. The recipient can also receive their money to a wallet account or to a bank account.

gold Crown

Many of our readers are accustomed to cooperating with a specialized organization that deals exclusively with receiving and sending money transfers. This is Zolotaya Korona, a well-known company that has its representative offices in many cities of the Russian Federation, as well as in the countries of the near and far abroad.

As a rule, our fellow citizens make cash transfers here, however, starting from 2017, sending money from a card has become available for Russians. All the advantages remain the same: fast enrollment, the ability to track the status of the transfer online (after registering the Personal Account), low commission from 50 rubles.

What should be done:

  • go to www.koronapay.com
  • select "money transfers online",
  • indicate the country of the recipient, the amount of the transfer and which bank issued your card,
  • the system will automatically calculate the commission and indicate it below, if you want to send a notification to the recipient - this is an additional paid service,
  • if the final amount of the fee suits you, you click the "next" button,
  • after that, enter the recipient's data, then specify your data,
  • then you need to enter the details of your card and the recipient,
  • confirm the operation and select the way to save the check.

Cashless payments- these are settlements (payments) carried out without the use of cash, by transferring funds to accounts in credit institutions and offsetting mutual claims. Non-cash payments are of great economic importance in accelerating the turnover of funds, reducing the cash needed for circulation, reducing distribution costs; the organization of cash settlements using non-cash money is much preferable to cash payments. The widespread use of non-cash payments is facilitated by an extensive network of banks, as well as the state's interest in their development, both for the above reason and for the purpose of studying and regulating macroeconomic processes.

In the Russian Federation, the Central Bank has established the following types of non-cash payments:

Settlements by payment orders

Settlements for letters of credit

Settlements by checks

Settlements for collection

Payment claims settlements

Payment order- this is an order of the owner of the account (payer) to the bank serving him, drawn up by a settlement document, to transfer a certain amount of money to the account of the recipient of funds opened in this or another bank. Payment orders can be in paper and electronic form.

Usually, a payment order is made in four copies: the 1st copy is intended for the payer, the 2nd - for the payer's bank, the 3rd and 4th are transferred to the recipient's bank. Payment orders are accepted by the bank regardless of the availability of funds on the payer's account, but are executed only if there are sufficient funds on it.

Payment orders can be used to transfer funds:

for goods supplied, works performed, services rendered, for advance payment for goods, works, services, or for making periodic payments;

to the budgets of all levels and extra-budgetary funds;

in order to return/place credits (loans)/deposits and pay interest on them;

for other purposes provided for by law or the contract.

After the bank employee checks the correctness of filling in and execution of payment orders on all copies (except the last one) accepted for execution of payment orders, in the field “Receipt to the bank of payments”, the responsible executor of the bank puts down the date of receipt of the payment order to the bank.

The last copy of the payment order, in which the bank's stamp, the date of receipt of the payment order and the signature of the responsible executor are put in the "Bank marks" field. The bank that accepted the payer's payment order is obliged to transfer the specified amount of money to the beneficiary's bank for its accrual to the account of the person specified in the order. If necessary, the bank has the right to attract other banks to perform operations for transferring funds to the account specified in the client's order. The bank is obliged, at the request of the payer, to inform him of the execution of the order.

Letter of credit- this is a conditional monetary obligation accepted by the bank on behalf of the applicant (payer under the letter of credit), to make a payment in favor of the recipient of funds under the letter of credit, the amount specified in the letter of credit upon submission by the latter to the bank of documents in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit within the terms specified in the text of the letter of credit, or to pay accept or discount a bill of exchange, or authorize another bank (the nominated bank) to make such payments or pay, accept or discount a bill of exchange).

A security containing an unconditional order from the drawer of the check to the bank to pay the amount indicated in it to the holder of the check. The issuer of a check is a person who has funds in the bank, which he has the right to dispose of by issuing checks, the holder of a check is the person in whose favor the check is issued, the payer is the bank in which the funds of the drawer are located.

The drawer is not entitled to withdraw the check before the expiration of the established period for presenting it for payment.

There are cashier's checks and cashier's checks. Cash checks are used to pay the holder of the check cash in the bank, for example, for wages, household needs, travel expenses, etc.

Settlement checks- these are checks used for non-cash payments, this is a document of the established form containing an unconditional written order of the drawer of a check to his bank to transfer a certain amount of money from his account to the account of the recipient of funds. Check acceptance- this is a mark on the consent of the payer's bank to transfer the amount indicated in the check to the beneficiary's account.

Collection- an intermediary banking operation for the transfer of funds from the payer to the recipient through the bank with the crediting of these funds to the recipient's account. Banks charge a commission for the execution of collections.

Collection- a bank settlement operation, through which the bank, on behalf of its client, receives, on the basis of settlement documents, the funds due to the client from the payer for the inventory items shipped to the payer and the services rendered, and credits these funds to the client's bank account.

Collection can be clean and documentary.

Net collection- is the collection of financial documents (bills of exchange and promissory notes, checks and other similar documents used to receive payments), when they are not accompanied by commercial documents.

Documentary collection- this is the collection of financial documents accompanied by commercial documents (invoices, transport and insurance documents, etc.), as well as the collection of only commercial documents. Documentary collection in international trade is an obligation of the bank to receive, on behalf of the exporter, from the importer the amount of payment under the contract against the transfer of commodity documents to the latter and transfer it to the exporter.

Disadvantages of the collection form of payment: 1) The time gap between the shipment of goods, the transfer of documents to the bank and the receipt of payment, which can be quite long, which slows down the turnover of the exporter's funds; 2) Lack of reliability in paying for documents (may refuse to pay for shipping documents or become insolvent by the time they arrive at the importer's bank). These shortcomings are overcome by the use of telegraphic collection, which allows to reduce the undesirable gap in time, as well as through the use of collection with a pre-issued bank guarantee, which makes it possible to create a security of payment close to that which arises from irrevocable letters of credit.

Payment request(colloquially “payment”) is a settlement document containing the requirement of the creditor (supplier) to the debtor (payer) to pay a certain amount of money through the bank.

For settlements on a payment request, the payer's acceptance is required. However, in certain cases (if it is stipulated in the agreement between the payer and the recipient or if such a case is stipulated in the legislation), it is possible to carry out settlements without acceptance.

Acceptance- the response of the person to whom the offer is addressed, about its acceptance. Acceptance - consent to payment. Under Russian law, acceptance must be complete and unconditional (acceptance of an offer on other terms is recognized as a new offer).

Sberbank of Russia offers customers convenient and fast transfers. We will talk about how to replenish a card or account without using cash in this article.

Who can make a cashless transfer of Sberbank

The transfer service is available to owners of a plastic card or Sberbank savings account. When conducting a transaction through the Mobile Bank or Sberbank Online services, it is required that the owner of the card (account) connect the indicated programs.

Types of non-cash transfers in Sberbank

Sberbank clients have access to transfers all over the world by crediting funds:

  • From a Sberbank card/account to a Sberbank card/account, transfer to another bank.
  • Transferring money through a Sberbank card/account into cash.
  • From a personal account of Sberbank to a personal account of a private person abroad.
Transfer through Sberbank is carried out only from debit accounts and cards. It is not possible to send money from a credit card.

Methods for making non-cash transfers of Sberbank

  • Personal appeal to the operator in .

Transfer through Sberbank: tariffs

For non-cash payments, a commission is provided, the amount of which depends on the method of transfer.

When transferring to a Sberbank card/account*:

The recipient is located in the same city - free of charge (Russian rubles and foreign currency).

Outside one city:

  • 1.5% in rubles.
  • 0.7% in foreign currency.

When transferring to a card/account of another bank*:

  • 2% in rubles.
  • 1% in foreign currency.
*When using the Sberbank Online service, the commission is reduced
  • 2% in rubles.
  • 1% in foreign currency.
  1. Use the most convenient and mobile Sberbank transfers using online services.
  2. If you need to make transfers on a long trip, take care in advance to connect remote access services (

Non-cash payments are a special type of payments that do not use cash. All payments are made by transferring funds from account to account in credit institutions or, for example, by offsetting mutual claims. Initially, they were introduced to facilitate and accelerate the turnover of capital, as well as to reduce the amount of cash. The circulation costs inherent in cash also decreased. State institutions also contribute to non-cash payments - for the reasons listed above (an increase in the speed of cash turnover plus savings on their maintenance).

Cashless settlements and payments

The very first non-cash settlements and payments were settlements and payments using checks and bills of exchange. After that, clearing houses were introduced - organizations that perform transactions between various banks. Then, in most developed countries, giro settlements spread as a subspecies of non-cash payments (through giro banks, commercial banks, savings banks).

Non-cash settlement operations are the main type of banking operations. There are collections, transfers, and letters of credit.

Non-cash payments and payments are regulated by law. In Russia, this is the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (from Article 861 to Article 885), the Federal Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation”. The federal law “On Banks and Banking Activities” and other regulations are also applied.

What is cashless payment

A non-cash payment is a settlement using non-cash money circulation (in a non-cash form - that is, in the form of an entry on the corresponding account). Cashless payment is carried out according to several principles:

  • in the legal field
  • on bank accounts,
  • in accordance with liquidity at the level of uninterrupted payments,
  • voluntarily (with the consent of the payer),
  • within a certain period,
  • with control over the correctness of the calculations in accordance with the order of their execution,
  • on contractual terms.

The full definition and all the conditions for making such payments are indicated in the current Regulations on non-cash payments (approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation).

Types of non-cash payments

Initially, non-cash payments were made in the form of bills of exchange or checks. Apply today

  • payment orders and order requests,
  • checks, letters of credit,
  • collection orders,
  • electronic payments.

A detailed list of settlements (payments) is specified in the relevant document of the Bank of Russia dated June 19, 2012. Regulation No. 383-P “On the rules for transferring funds” specifies all types of non-cash payments, except for the last (electronic), however, the Federal Law for June 27, 2011 No. 161 as amended on July 23, 2013 - “On the National payment system." According to this document, electronic payments (using electronic money) have also become a form of non-cash payments.

Refund of non-cash payment

By law, it is allowed for customers served by the bank to withdraw their settlement documents. However, in practice, the return of a non-cash payment entails a whole series of procedures.

  1. In the event that the money was transferred erroneously, the operation was carried out and the funds were credited, the return of money for a non-cash payment is made in court. At the same time, it is important to prove that no services (when funds were credited to the company's account) were provided.
  2. If the return is necessary for the customer of the store returning the goods, then several options are possible: transfer of the required amount by the seller to the buyer in a non-cash way (for example, a reverse transfer to a card), or in cash.

Attention. Often, companies operating in the field of trade conclude with a bank servicing terminals about the possibility of a refund in case of non-cash payments.

From the client in whose favor it is necessary to make a return, the current account number, the name of the bank and the correspondent account number, the TIN and BIC of the recipient, his full name are usually required.

Payment by bank transfer

Payment by bank transfer can be made in several ways: using

  • payment order or demand,
  • letter of credit,
  • collection order,
  • check (checkbook).

Payment by non-cash payment is carried out in the form of a transfer of the amount of funds from the sender's account to the recipient's account, which can be in this or another bank. At the same time, a payment order is the most commonly used form of payment.

A payment claim means a claim by the recipient to the payer for the payment of a certain amount. It is used for the convenience of paying by cashless payment for goods and services. The payer must provide an acceptance (agree to pay the amount) or refuse - then the demand is returned without execution.

A collection order is issued by state bodies - by a court decision.

A letter of credit is an obligation to make a payment upon presentation by the recipient of certain documents (acts, delivery documents).

Acceptance of non-cash payments

Acceptance of non-cash payments is carried out in several ways: either by crediting to the account of the organization through a bank, or through a terminal (KKT, bank pinpad). In addition, today organizations are trying to automate the transfer of funds as much as possible in order to eliminate errors and the “human factor”. The commission for non-cash payments, unlike payment systems that charge up to 5%, is 0%. To accept payments by non-cash method, organizations solve several problems:

Preparation of invoices and contracts (optional),

Control over the transfer of funds

Preparation of closing documents.

To receive payments, you need the TIN of the organization, the number of the current account, the BIC of the bank servicing the payer, the legal and postal address.

Problems of non-cash payments

The main problems of non-cash payments are:

  • the complexity of establishing a settlement and payment system,
  • risks arising in connection with making payments,
  • the presence of non-payments (their changes affect the budget deficit),
  • the speed of making payments (including taking into account failures and delays, errors made by both senders and recipients of funds, and the settlement centers themselves),
  • sequencing of payments and its regulation, which is detrimental to other creditors,
  • insufficient development of the regulatory and legal framework for making non-cash payments (for bills of exchange and letters of credit).

In addition, enterprises are responsible for compliance with loan agreements, as well as the established accounting discipline. If the organization does not fulfill its settlement obligations, it may be declared insolvent.

Accounting for non-cash payments

When settling between organizations in the form of non-cash payments (by transferring from one account to another), it becomes necessary to account for non-cash payments using special settlement documents. They are the basis for the calculation, and can be issued in the form of an order:

  • payer (this can be either a client or the bank itself),
  • the recipient of the funds, or the claimant.

Enterprises themselves determine the appropriate forms of documents for accounting for non-cash payments, only the presence of details is required -

  • company name,
  • document number,
  • name of the paying bank, MFO, cash settlement center, current account numbers,
  • name of the beneficiary, beneficiary bank, its details.

Accounting for such transactions is carried out using account 51 "Settlement accounts" (both receipt on debit and disposal on this account).

The basis or primary document for accounting is a bank statement or a payment order. This is true for different types of payments:

  • receipt of money in payment for services or goods,
  • depositing cash into a checking account,
  • receiving advance funds
  • receipt in the authorized capital,
  • payment of invoices of suppliers, contractor organizations,

transfers to the budget of mandatory payments, contributions to the PFR and other organizations (FSS, FFOMS, TFOMS).

The development of technology has an impact on all spheres of human life. To a greater extent, these changes are positive, such as, for example, cashless payments - it is convenient, fast and safe. How is this system set up? What are its pros and cons? About this and much more - in the article.

Right

In the Russian Federation, the system of cashless payments is the sphere of competence of financial and civil law. Cashless payments are regulated by 3 regulations:

  • The Civil Code of the Russian Federation, where Chapter 46 "Settlements" contains the necessary information about this type of payment.
  • Regulations on the rules for the transfer of funds and the Regulations on the issuance of payment cards approved by the Bank of Russia. They consider the forms, the procedure for conducting cashless payments in the Russian Federation and the requirements for payment documents.

Members

The organization of cashless payments is designed in such a way that its participants can make payments without spending a lot of time.

According to the above documents, the participants of non-cash payments can be:

  • individuals;
  • legal entities;
  • entrepreneurs;
  • the shops;
  • other institutions.

Participants in a cashless settlement after conducting monetary transactions receive settlement documents confirming the fact of the transaction. They contain the following required information:

  • account details and BIC of the recipient of the transfer;
  • name of the payer's bank;
  • TIN of the owner of the account from which the funds will be debited;
  • name and account number of the credit institution.

concept

Based on the content of the above documents, it can be noted that a cashless payment is a calculation that is made without the use of cash through the transfer of money from the payer's bank account to the recipient's bank account. This type of payment is available to everyone - individuals and legal entities, entrepreneurs. But the payment process is possible only in banks and credit institutions licensed to carry out such operations.

Principles

Cashless payment is a system that is based on certain principles. Their observance ensures the order and safety of payments by bank transfer. So, the organization of cashless payments is based on the principle:

  • Acceptance, which requires the mandatory consent or notification of the account holder to debit money from the account. Even requests from state bodies are subject to this rule.
  • Urgency, which implies the existence of a time frame established by the payer, during which funds must be debited. If they are violated, then the bank is responsible.
  • Freedom of choice, which implies the possibility for participants to choose the form of payment.
  • Legality, which implies the obligatory compliance of all ongoing operations with current legislation.
  • The principle of liquidity, which implies maintaining the necessary amount on the account for uninterrupted payments.
  • Control, which implies the need to control the correctness of ongoing transactions and compliance with the established provisions on the procedure for conducting cashless payments.
  • Liability, which implies the existence of material or non-material liability for non-compliance with the terms of the contract between the participants in the transaction.

Forms

Forms of non-cash payments are transfers or payments through:

  • payment request and order;
  • direct debit;
  • electronic money;
  • letter of credit;
  • checkbooks;
  • collection.

A payment request is a request by the recipient of funds (creditor) to pay a certain amount through the bank for the delivered goods, work performed or services rendered.

Direct debit is the debiting of funds from the payer's account in favor of the recipient of funds (creditor), provided that the payer has provided the bank with a payment order that contains information to whom, when and in what amount the funds are required to be paid.

Electronic money is a virtual replacement for cash, which can be paid through an electronic wallet with Internet access.

A letter of credit settlement is a settlement under a letter of credit (instruction) of the payer, which indicates the amount and terms of payment for the recipient of funds.

A checkbook is a brochure consisting of 25 or 50 sheets - checks, each of which contains information about the payer - the holder of the book. One sheet, signed by the payer, allows you to receive the amount indicated on it to the account of the recipient of funds.

Collection - a bank service, according to which he undertakes to transfer a payment from the payer's account to the recipient's account without the participation of the latter, but in the presence of an order and other necessary documents.

Kinds

Cashless payment is a type of payment that has practically no boundaries and time, since in this way you can pay for goods and services in one country, and be in another, not to mention the city. Based on this fact, all types of cashless payments can be:

  • Non-commodity, which include payment for utilities, education in an educational institution, consultations and treatment in a medical institution and other similar services.
  • Commodity, which include payment for things intended for exchange for money or other products and services: raw materials, materials, finished products.
  • Interstate, which include settlements between the payer and the recipient of funds, correspondent accounts of which are located in different countries.
  • Intra-republican, which include settlements between the payer and the recipient of funds, whose accounts are located in the same federal district.
  • Guaranteed, in which the payment amount is reserved on the payer's account and transferred to the recipient of funds after he fulfills his obligations to the payer.
  • Non-guaranteed, which include payments that are not documented.
  • Instant, which includes a payment made at the time of purchasing a product or receiving a service.
  • Deferred, in which payment for goods or services is made after the time specified in the contract, and not immediately. This form of payment includes a loan, installment plan, mortgage.

Ways

Non-cash payment methods can be contact and contactless:

  • payments by bank cards through the POS terminal;
  • payments using NFS technologies using a smartphone;
  • transfer of funds from the card using PayPass and Pay Wave technologies;
  • services provided by Internet banking;
  • payment through card details using Internet access;
  • transferring money through online wallets using terminals.

Payment

Cashless payment is a transfer of funds from one correspondent account to another, which reflects information about the sender, recipient, transfer amount and the name of the product or service. If the seller fails to fulfill its obligations to the buyer, the amount will be returned to the client minus the commission of the banking system.

According to legal documents, payment by bank transfer is based on the following principles:

  • all transactions must be carried out on the basis of an agreement between the bank and the owner of the correspondent account;
  • payment is transferred from one correspondent account to another only if there is sufficient amount for payment;
  • transactions are carried out in turn;
  • participants of cashless payments have the right to choose any of the available forms of cashless payments, regardless of the scope of their activities;
  • Participants of non-cash settlement have the right to dispose of available funds at their own discretion.

Refund

Goods or services purchased by bank transfer may be of inadequate quality. In this case, the client has the right to return the money spent. To confirm the purchase or purchase of the service, the client must provide a receipt, passport (or other identity document) and a warranty card to the store or organization. If the service or purchase was made online, the client sends the scanned documents via mail to the address of the company's warehouse. The seller either exchanges the goods for the one that the buyer needs, or returns the money to his bank account.

But the client is not always right, since the seller of a product or service has the right to refuse to return the money spent. Such cases include:

  • the product is food and is of good quality;
  • the product is non-replaceable and cannot be returned;
  • documents on the transfer of money to the seller's account are lost;
  • The item has been used and is out of stock.

Advantages

Cashless payments are already a proven payment method that has earned the trust of users due to its undeniable advantages. These include:

  • a flexible system allows you to make both one and several transactions in the form of a “chain” with the possibility of additional payment;
  • there is no need for a cash desk and, therefore, you can save on its maintenance;
  • provability of non-cash payments, as it is possible to obtain the necessary bank documents if necessary;
  • funds can be kept on bank accounts for an unlimited time;
  • security, as there is no possibility of fraudulent actions using counterfeit money;
  • reduced distribution costs;
  • the need to transfer cash to the bank within three days after their receipt at the cash desk saves time, since there is no need for additional transactions with the bank.

Flaws

Despite the large number of advantages of cashless payments, this method of payment for services has a number of disadvantages:

  • the banking system, like any other, is not immune from interruptions in work, which can lead to problems when transferring money or withdrawing money from an account;
  • constant interaction with the bank leads to additional and possibly mandatory payments.

This method of payment may not be profitable for start-up entrepreneurs, as it requires a regular cash flow to pay salaries to employees and pay for bank services.